Crypto Terms: Letter X

What is x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum)?

Meaning:

x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum) - x86 Virtual Machine – a machine created by Qtum for executing smart contracts in various programming languages.

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Let's find out x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum) meaning, definition in crypto, what is x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum), and all other detailed facts.

The x86 Virtual Machine (VM), developed by the Qtum team, can run smart contracts written in a variety of languages. This VM is quite similar to the current Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), although it has a few noticeable improvements. These improvements include:

The Qtum VM can read contracts in any programming language that supports a JIT compiler, including C++, Java, Python, and other popular languages widely used in application development (EVM only reads Solidity language).
The Qtum has implemented two new pricing models – fixed-fee per transaction and charge per transaction, in addition to supporting the standard gas model (when users pay for each completed operation in a smart contract) on Ethereum.
The Qtum VM supports x86 registers and memory operations through a unified 16-bit instruction encoding approach that drastically reduces gas costs in common scenarios. This allows developers to do more operations per transaction on the Qtum blockchain, increasing its throughput.

What Is Qtum?

Qtum is an open-source blockchain project that intends to combine Bitcoin's stability with Ethereum's flexibility. It was created in 2016 by the Singapore-based Qtum Foundation, under the leadership of Patrick Dai, Neil Mahi, and Jordan Earls. Its mainnet, on the other hand, was launched in 2017.

Qtum protocol is a hybrid of Bitcoin Core, Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus, and the EVM. It enables the execution of smart contracts using a PoS consensus mechanism. This helps save electricity and decreases the risk of centralization compared to Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus.

Moreover, Qtum uses a Decentralized Governance Protocol (DGP) to ensure that the blockchain continues to function even if a few nodes fail. DGP enables the modification of certain blockchain characteristics such as block size, gas price, and block interval without the requirement for a hard fork. It uses an unspent transaction output (UTXO) model for faster transaction processing, but it can also handle smart contracts in the same way as Ethereum does.

The DGP in Qtum gives node operators particular choice privileges when it comes to updates like hard forks. Before modifications are applied to the blockchain, node operators must establish a consensus. This keeps the network from being destabilized by bugs or hacks, and it gives users explicit standards for keeping track of changes.

Although there are other crypto projects seeking to achieve the same aims as Qtum, it is worth mentioning that Bitcoin's UTXO mechanism is what distinguishes it from them. Besides, Qtum is a platform that aims to create smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps) that could be deployed in enterprise settings.

interest rate<\/strong><\/a> per year, and the maturity rates are all depicted by the yield curve.<\/p>\nThe form of the curve is controlled by the current level of interest rates in the economy. Lower interest rates are connected with an increase in the amount of longer-term debt instruments. Higher interest rates are correlated with lower levels of longer-term debt instruments. <\/p>\nIn regards to that, the yield curve is a graphical representation of the rates of return that investors may anticipate from different maturities of fixed-income assets such as bonds and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-are-treasury-bills-t-bills/">treasury bills<\/strong><\/a>. The form of the curve is controlled by the current level of interest rates in the economy.<\/strong><\/p>\nAs a result, while classic, normal curves represent economic growth, downward sloping curves indicate an economic decline.<\/p>\n<h3>How Yield Curves are Measured?<\/h3>\nOne of the most common methods of measuring yield curves and determining whether they are smoothed is the spread between 10-year and 2-year Treasuries. The Federal Reserve charts this dispersion, and it is one of the most extensively downloaded series of data. Besides, it is constantly refreshed.<\/p>\nSince 1979, when the Fed started providing this data, the 10-year to 2-year Treasury spread has accurately projected every recorded downturn in the United States, making it one of the best forecasters of a downturn.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>What is Yield Curve Risk?<\/h3>\nThe danger of an adverse movement in interest rates that investors or fixed-income instruments such as bonds face is referred to as yield curve risk. Yield curve risk arises from the fact that bond prices and interest rates are inversely related to one another.<\/p>\n<h3>The Differences Between Normal Yield Curve and Inverted Yield Curve<\/h3>\nTo begin, a normal yield curve leans upward, suggesting that shorter-term maturities have lower interest rates than longer-term maturities. This occurrence is referred to be \"normal\" because it often implies an economic situation in which individuals are prepared to invest for the long term at a way bigger risk in return for larger rewards.<\/p>\nWhen the yield curve inverts, or when short-term interest rates exceed long-term interest rates, it indicates a bad economic forecast. A recession can be predicted by an inverted yield curve.<\/p>\nOn the occasion where the yield curve shifts shape, this indicates whether particular parts of the economy will surpass their peers.<\/p>\nIf short-term interests, for instance, increase as opposed to long-term ones, this may be a signal that inflationary pressures are increasing and that a higher rate of <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-inflation/">inflation might take place. So, if long-term interest rates are up compared to short-term interest rates, this might be an indication that growth forecasts are growing fin a quicker manner than inflationary<\/strong> anticipation, implying that higher short-term, interest rates are on the way.<\/p>\nAll in all, the yield curve is utilized to estimate if the economic processes will decelerate or accelerate in the upcoming time. An upward sloping yield curve is seen by economists as an indicator that growth will most likely pick up<\/strong> while a downward sloping curve is taken as an indicator that growth is anticipated to slow down.<\/p>","definition":"is a graphical representation of the connections between rates and maturities in fixed income markets.","status":"published","meta_title":"What is Yield Curve? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Yield Curve meaning: Yield Curve - is a graphical representation of the connections between rates and maturities in fixed income markets.","meta_keywords":null}" :prev-section="{"id":1020,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethereum","level":"easy","author_id":1,"created_at":"2023-06-19T06:59:01.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-11-21T13:45:14.000000Z","slug":"what-is-wrapped-ether-weth","title":"What is Wrapped Ether (WETH)?","section":"W","keyword":"Wrapped Ether (WETH)","content":"Wrapped Ether (WETH) is created by transferring Ether to a smart contract. This puts it on hold in exchange for a 1:1 ratio of WETH ERC-20 tokens.<\/strong> This WETH can then be transfered back into the same smart contract to be unwrapped. However, it can also be redeemed at a 1:1 ratio for the original Ether.<\/p>\n<a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-ether/">Ether (the native currency of Ethereum) was created before the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-erc-20/">ERC-20 standard<\/strong><\/a> or any other standards were established. As a result, Ether is not ERC-20 compatible.<\/strong> Thus, it cannot be exchanged for other ERC-20 tokens in a decentralized manner.<\/p>\nThough rather than implementing two interfaces within the same <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-smart-contract/">smart contract<\/strong><\/a>, which would add unnecessary complexity, developers came up with the solution of wrapping Ether to upgrade it to the ERC-20 standard. This allows WETH and other ERC-20 tokens to be handled within the same contract.<\/p>\nWrapping Ether creates a possibility of a direct and frictionless exchange<\/strong> between Ether and ERC-20 tokens. This means that there would be no need to rely on third parties. Besides, it helps to avoid exposing users to extra risks.<\/strong> For example, it would help to avoid unexpected transaction errors that could appear due to complicated implementations.<\/p>\nMany Ethereum-based <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-are-decentralized-applications-dapps/">decentralized apps (dApps)<\/strong><\/a> use WETH instead of Ether. They do that to enable direct and decentralized <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-peer-to-peer-p2p/">peer-to-peer trading between Ether in a wrapped form and ERC-20 tokens that follow the same technical standard.<\/p>","definition":"the ERC-20 compatible version of Ether.","status":"published","meta_title":"What is Wrapped Ether (WETH)? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Wrapped Ether (WETH) meaning: Wrapped Ether (WETH) - the ERC-20 compatible version of Ether.","meta_keywords":null}" :model="{"id":820,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virtual_machine","level":"medium","author_id":1,"created_at":"2023-06-19T06:59:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-11-21T13:56:49.000000Z","slug":"what-is-x86-virtual-machine-qtum","title":"What is x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum)?","section":"X","keyword":"x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum)","content":"The x86 Virtual Machine (VM)<\/strong>, developed by the Qtum team, can run <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-smart-contract/">smart contracts<\/strong><\/a> written in a variety of languages. This VM is quite similar to the current <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-ethereum-virtual-machine-evm/">Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)<\/strong><\/a>, although it has a few noticeable improvements. These improvements include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Qtum VM can read contracts in any programming language<\/strong> that supports a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////en.wikipedia.org//wiki//Just-in-time_compilation/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\">JIT compiler<\/strong><\/a>, including <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-c-plus-plus/">C++, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-java/">Java, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////en.wikipedia.org//wiki//Python_(programming_language)/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\">Python<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>, and other popular languages widely used in application development (EVM only reads <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-solidity/">Solidity language).<\/li>\n<li>The Qtum has implemented two new pricing models – fixed-fee per transaction and charge per transaction, in addition to supporting the standard gas model (when users pay for each completed operation in a smart contract)<\/em> on Ethereum<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The Qtum VM supports x86 registers and memory operations through a unified 16-bit instruction encoding approach that drastically reduces gas costs in common scenarios. This allows developers to do more operations per transaction on the Qtum blockchain, increasing its <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-throughput/">throughput./n/n
What Is Qtum?<\/h3>\nQtum is an open-source blockchain project that intends to combine <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////www.bitdegree.org//crypto//buy-bitcoin-btc/">Bitcoin's stability with <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////www.bitdegree.org//crypto//buy-ethereum-eth/">Ethereum's flexibility. It was created in<\/strong> 2016 by the Singapore-based Qtum Foundation, under the leadership of Patrick Dai, Neil Mahi, and Jordan Earls. Its <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-mainnet/">mainnet, on the other hand, was launched in 2017<\/strong>.<\/p>\nQtum protocol is a hybrid of Bitcoin Core, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-proof-of-stake-pos/">Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus<\/strong><\/a>, and the EVM. It enables the execution of smart contracts using a PoS consensus mechanism<\/strong>. This helps save electricity and decreases the risk of centralization compared to <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-proof-of-work-pow/">Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\nMoreover, Qtum uses a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-decentralized-governance/">Decentralized Governance<\/strong><\/a> Protocol (DGP) to ensure that the blockchain continues to function even if a few nodes fail<\/strong>. DGP enables the modification of certain blockchain characteristics such as block size, gas price, and block interval without the requirement for a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-hard-fork-blockchain/">hard fork<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>. It uses an <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-unspent-transaction-output-utxo/">unspent transaction output (UTXO)<\/strong><\/a> model for faster transaction processing, but it can also handle smart contracts in the same way as Ethereum does.<\/p>\nThe DGP in Qtum gives node operators particular choice privileges when it comes to updates like hard forks<\/strong>. Before modifications are applied to the blockchain, node operators must establish a consensus. This keeps the network from being destabilized by bugs or hacks, and it gives users explicit standards for keeping track of changes.<\/p>\nAlthough there are other crypto projects seeking to achieve the same aims as Qtum, it is worth mentioning that Bitcoin's UTXO mechanism is what distinguishes it from them<\/strong>. Besides, Qtum is a platform that aims to create smart contracts and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-are-decentralized-applications-dapps/">decentralized applications (dApps)<\/strong><\/a> that could be deployed in enterprise settings.<\/p>","definition":"x86 Virtual Machine \u2013 a machine created by Qtum for executing smart contracts in various programming languages.","status":"published","meta_title":"What is x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum)? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum) meaning: x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum) - x86 Virtual Machine \u2013 a machine created by Qtum for executing smart contracts in various programming languages.","meta_keywords":null,"author":{"id":1,"user_id":1,"created_at":"2023-05-03T14:30:55.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-11T07:18:20.000000Z","title":"Editor-In-Chief","slug":"aaron-s-editor-in-chief","description":"Having completed a Master’s degree on Economics, Politics & Culture for the East Asia region, Aaron has written scientific papers with a comparative analysis of the differences between US’ Western and Japan’s Collective forms of capitalism, 1945-2020.<\/p>\nWith close to a decade of experience in the FinTech industry, Aaron understands all of the biggest issues and struggles that crypto enthusiasts face. He’s a passionate analyst who is concerned with data-driven and fact-based content, as well as that which speaks to both Web3 natives and industry newcomers.<\/p>\nAaron is the go-to person for everything and anything related to digital currencies. With a huge passion for blockchain & Web3 education, Aaron strives to transform the space as we know it, and make it more approachable to complete beginners.<\/p>\nAaron has been quoted by multiple established outlets, and is a published author himself. Even during his free time, he enjoys researching the market trends, and looking for the next supernova.<\/p>","user":{"id":1,"first_name":"Aaron","last_name":"S.","email":"aaron@bitdegree.org","email_sanitized":"aaron@bitdegree.org","email_verified_at":"2023-12-01T09:40:20.000000Z","must_verify_email":false,"is_registered_with_wallet":false,"status":"active","country":"LT","last_connected_ip":"88.119.132.125","image_id":2641,"referral_token":"05TMu2NysXOCn525","referred_by":null,"created_at":"2023-05-03T14:30:55.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-01-09T15:22:21.000000Z","full_name":"Aaron S."}}}" :chapter-list="[{"id":1,"title":"Blockchain","slug":"blockchain","updated":null,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-blockchain.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/blockchain-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"chapter_id":1,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-blockchain","title":"What is the Blockchain?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":2,"slug":"decentralized-blockchain","title":"Anonymous & Decentralized Blockchains: The Cornerstone of Crypto","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":3,"slug":"blockchain-transaction","title":"What is a Blockchain Transaction in Crypto?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":4,"slug":"crypto-fees","title":"The Different Types of Crypto Fees Explained","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":5,"slug":"what-is-bridging-in-crypto","title":"The Key Notion Behind the Concept of Bridging in Crypto","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":6,"slug":"types-of-blockchains","title":"Different Types of Blockchains: What to Look Out For?","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":2,"title":"Cryptocurrencies","slug":"cryptocurrencies","updated":null,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-cryptocurrencies.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/cryptocurrencies-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"chapter_id":2,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-a-cryptocurrency","title":"What is a Cryptocurrency?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":2,"slug":"how-does-cryptocurrency-work","title":"How Does Cryptocurrency Work?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":3,"slug":"is-cryptocurrency-a-good-investment","title":"Is Cryptocurrency a Good Investment? 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Wallet?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":4,"order":2,"slug":"hot-wallet-vs-cold-wallet","title":"Hot Wallet VS Cold Wallet: Which One to Pick?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":4,"order":3,"slug":"non-custodial-wallet","title":"What are Non-Custodial Crypto Wallets?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":4,"order":4,"slug":"what-is-metamask","title":"Metamask: The Leading Non-Custodial Wallet","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":4,"order":37,"slug":"how-safe-is-cryptocurrency","title":"The Key Crypto Wallet Safety Practices: How Safe Can Crypto Be?","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":5,"title":"NFTs","slug":"nfts","updated":null,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-nfts.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/nfts-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"chapter_id":5,"order":2,"slug":"how-to-trade-nfts","title":"NFT Trading: The Ins and Outs","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":3,"slug":"buying-nft","title":"Tips and Tricks of Choosing the Right NFTs","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":4,"slug":"how-to-store-nft","title":"How to Store NFTs: Best Practices","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":5,"slug":"how-to-create-an-nft","title":"How to Create Your Own NFTs?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":6,"slug":"how-to-make-passive-money-with-nft","title":"Making Passive Money with NFTs","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":6,"title":"dApps & Defi","slug":"dapps-and-defi","updated":true,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-dapps.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/dapps-defi-101.jpg","rating":80,"sections":[{"chapter_id":6,"order":1,"slug":"what-are-nfts","title":"What are Non-Fungible Tokens 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