Crypto Terms:
Letter O
What is Oracle Manipulation?
Meaning:
Oracle Manipulation -
is a mechanism commonly seen in the DeFi ecosystem when the oracle smart contract is manipulated by hackers.
Let's find out Oracle Manipulation meaning, definition in crypto, what is Oracle Manipulation, and all other detailed facts.
Oracle manipulation (also known as price manipulation) is a typical occurrence in the DeFi ecosystem when hackers alter the oracle smart contract which leads to theft, system failure, and so on.
Oracles are third-party service providers that offer blockchains with real-world or external information such as statistics, price fees, weather information, and so on. Price fees, however, are by far the most exploited oracle data since they enable attackers to take over millions of funds from DeFi platforms.
As an example, the offender in the Harvest Finance attack was able to infiltrate its pools via a flash loan using a type of oracle manipulation. Essentially, the hacker used a transaction to lower the value of USDC inside the Curve pool. The offender then entered the Harvest pool at the deflated price, returned USDC to its original price, reversed his transaction, and departed the pool at a much higher price.
Overall, there are two distinct ways an oracle could collect price data. One is to effortlessly drain price information via APIs from centralized exchanges. Another way is for oracles to do calculations independently by consulting decentralized exchanges (DEXs). Nonetheless, both techniques have some benefits and drawbacks, as well as ways and methods to be hacked or manipulated.
According to DeFi networks, they have lost over $33 million as a result of oracle manipulations in 2020 alone.
APIs, such as market prices, airline status, and weather information.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hardware Oracles. <\/strong>Such oracles provide real-world data for smart contracts by integrating with physical systems and technology. Hardware oracles can interface with <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-radio-frequency-identification-rfid/">RFID sensors<\/strong><\/a> used in a variety of industries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Outbound Oracles.<\/strong> Such oracles send data from smart contracts to external systems, allowing smart contracts to interact with non-blockchain sources.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inbound Oracles. <\/strong>External data is sent to smart contracts or software oracles via inbound oracles. These oracles can be specified as a set of <em>\"if\"<\/em> rules, for example, <em>\"place a buy order if an asset reaches a specific price\".<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Consensus Oracles. <\/strong>Such oracles are a type of decentralized oracles that collect huge volumes of data from a small number of other oracles and use certain procedures to assess the validity and correctness of the data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Besides, note that oracles that depend on a single data supplier are referred to as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-centralized/">centralized, whereas those that interfere with various sources are referred to as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-decentralization/">decentralized. However, in an essence, <strong>a blockchain oracle is a third-party data source<\/strong> that requires external permission to function successfully, which implies that it's typically a centralized entity's tool. As a result, most oracles sacrifice the smart contracts' decentralized features.<\/p>\n<p>The majority of crypto enthusiasts would refer to Band Protocol (BAND) as well as Chainlink (LINK) as classic instances of decentralized oracle networks.<\/p>\n<p>Besides, it's important to note that <strong>oracles are not data sources. <\/strong>Instead, they gather, query, and verify information from many sources before delivering it to smart contracts.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the transmitted information can be anything from payments, price feeds, temperature from a sensor, scores from a basketball game, and so on. Most of the time, oracles are assigned depending on where they draw their information from, their sources, the flow of data, and whether they are decentralized or centralized.<\/p>\n<h2>The Oracle Problem<strong><br \/><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Smart contracts perform different duties depending on the data provided by centralized oracles, implying that <strong>oracles have enormous influence over smart contracts. <\/strong>The Oracle Problem is a conflict of trust that centralized third-party oracles introduce into trustless smart contracts and blockchain systems.<\/p>\n<p>Even though decentralized oracles, such as consensus oracles, may appear to be a viable option, there are still numerous obstacles to overcome, as <strong>decentralized oracle networks are difficult to create in a secure, functional, and trustless manner.<\/strong><\/p>","definition":"entities that connect blockchains to external systems, allowing smart contracts to execute depending on real-world inputs and outputs.","status":"published","meta_title":"What are Oracles? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Oracles meaning: Oracles - are entities that connect blockchains to external systems, allowing smart contracts to execute depending on real-world inputs and outputs.","meta_keywords":null}"
:prev-section="{"id":624,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Option_(finance)","level":"easy","author_id":1,"created_at":"2023-06-19T06:59:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-12-07T20:49:39.000000Z","slug":"what-is-options-market","title":"What is Options Market?","section":"O","keyword":"Options Market","content":"<p>An <strong>Options Market is a market that’s accessible to the general public where traders can buy or sell options<\/strong>. It’s regulated by the guidelines of the US or Europe. <\/p>\n<p>When it comes to the crypto sector, an options market is where traders can trade digital assets at a predetermined price and time.<\/p>\n<p>Before entering the options market, it’s important to understand the terms below, especially when it comes to the differences between call options and put options:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-call-option/">Call options<\/strong><\/a> <strong>come into play when the price of an asset is expected to grow<\/strong>. That’s when buyers make the call purchase. On the other hand, investors sell calls when it seems like asset prices will experience a decrease in value in the not so distant future;<\/li>\n<li>Meanwhile, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-put-option/">put options<\/strong><\/a> are defined as <strong>sell orders that show if an option holder is prepared to liquidate their position<\/strong>. In essence, call options and put options are the opposite of each other;<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>strike price<\/strong> is the <strong>fixed price at which the digital asset is traded<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Greeks<\/strong> are <strong>specific symbols that allow to establish and evaluate the risks of options trading<\/strong>. For example, theta, also known as time decay, shows a change in direction of an option’s value and time. On the other hand, delta indicates how the asset’s price changes against one dollar. There are 5 Greeks in total within an options market.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","definition":"is a market where one can trade cryptocurrencies at a specific price or time.","status":"published","meta_title":"What is Options Market? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Options Market meaning: Options Market - is a market where one can trade cryptocurrencies at a specific price or time.","meta_keywords":null}"
:model="{"id":579,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smart_contract","level":"easy","author_id":1,"created_at":"2023-06-19T06:59:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-12-07T20:01:09.000000Z","slug":"what-is-oracle-manipulation","title":"What is Oracle Manipulation?","section":"O","keyword":"Oracle Manipulation","content":"<p><strong>Oracle manipulation<\/strong> (also known as price manipulation) is a typical occurrence in the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-defi/">DeFi ecosystem when hackers alter the oracle <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-smart-contract/">smart contract<\/strong><\/a> which leads to theft, system failure, and so on.<\/p>\n<p><a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-oracles/">Oracles are third-party service providers that offer blockchains with real-world or external information such as statistics, price fees,<strong> weather information<\/strong>, and so on. Price fees, however, are by far the most exploited oracle data since they enable attackers to take over millions of funds from DeFi platforms.<\/p>\n<p>As an example, the offender in the Harvest Finance attack was able to infiltrate its pools via a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-flash-loan/">flash loan<\/strong><\/a><strong> <\/strong>using a type of oracle manipulation. Essentially, the hacker used a transaction to lower the value of USDC inside the Curve pool. The offender then entered the Harvest pool <strong>at the deflated price<\/strong>, returned USDC to its original price, reversed his transaction, and departed the pool at a much higher price.<\/p>\n<p>Overall, there are two distinct ways an oracle could collect price data. One is to effortlessly drain price information via <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-api/">APIs from <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-centralized-exchange-cex/">centralized exchanges<\/strong><\/a>. Another way is for oracles to do calculations independently by consulting <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-decentralized-exchange-dex/">decentralized exchanges <\/strong><\/a><a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-decentralized-exchange-dex/">(DEXs). Nonetheless, both techniques have <strong>some benefits and drawbacks<\/strong>, as well as ways and methods to be hacked or manipulated.<\/p>\n<p>According to DeFi networks, they have lost over $33 million as a result of oracle manipulations in 2020 alone.<\/p>","definition":"is a mechanism commonly seen in the DeFi ecosystem when the oracle smart contract is manipulated by hackers.","status":"published","meta_title":"What is Oracle Manipulation? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Oracle Manipulation meaning: Oracle Manipulation - is a mechanism commonly seen in the DeFi ecosystem when the oracle smart contract is manipulated by hackers.","meta_keywords":null,"author":{"id":1,"user_id":1,"created_at":"2023-05-03T14:30:55.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-11T07:18:20.000000Z","title":"Editor-In-Chief","slug":"aaron-s-editor-in-chief","description":"<p>Having completed a Master’s degree on Economics, Politics & Culture for the East Asia region, Aaron has written scientific papers with a comparative analysis of the differences between US’ Western and Japan’s Collective forms of capitalism, 1945-2020.<\/p>\n<p>With close to a decade of experience in the FinTech industry, Aaron understands all of the biggest issues and struggles that crypto enthusiasts face. He’s a passionate analyst who is concerned with data-driven and fact-based content, as well as that which speaks to both Web3 natives and industry newcomers.<\/p>\n<p>Aaron is the go-to person for everything and anything related to digital currencies. With a huge passion for blockchain & Web3 education, Aaron strives to transform the space as we know it, and make it more approachable to complete beginners.<\/p>\n<p>Aaron has been quoted by multiple established outlets, and is a published author himself. Even during his free time, he enjoys researching the market trends, and looking for the next supernova.<\/p>","user":{"id":1,"first_name":"Aaron","last_name":"S.","email":"aaron@bitdegree.org","email_sanitized":"aaron@bitdegree.org","email_verified_at":"2023-12-01T09:40:20.000000Z","must_verify_email":false,"is_registered_with_wallet":false,"status":"active","country":"LT","last_connected_ip":"88.119.132.125","image_id":2641,"referral_token":"05TMu2NysXOCn525","referred_by":null,"created_at":"2023-05-03T14:30:55.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-01-09T15:22:21.000000Z","full_name":"Aaron S."}}}"
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current-chapter="O"
current-section="what-is-oracle-manipulation">
