What is Operating System (OS)?
Let's find out Operating System (OS) meaning, definition in crypto, what is Operating System (OS), and all other detailed facts.
Operating System (OS) is a software program that manages the resources of a computer and allows communication between programs and computer hardware.
In the past, there were no operating systems. Thus, every computer program had to include all of the code needed to run the program, connect it to the hardware, and show the actual function of the program. Therefore, computer programs were difficult to create and too complicated to operate. Not to mention the fact that each piece of software could only run on the computer for which it was created. However, operating systems were created to change that.
Functions of Operating Systems (OS)
There are various functions conducted by OS in order to achieve specific objectives. These objectives include:
- Memory Management. To run a process, it must first be loaded into the main memory where it will be executed. The memory is released after the process is finished and it can be used for other things. Thus, managing memory via allocating and deallocating it for the processes is the responsibility of the OS.
- Process Management. CPU (one of the resources managed by OS) usually has a number of processes in the ready state at any given time. A processor, on the other hand, can only manage one process at a time. Thus, a CPU uses various techniques to ensure that operations have constant and uninterrupted access to resources. These techniques include first-come, first-serve, round-robin, shortest job first, priority scheduling, and so on.
- File Management. Every computer has its own set of files, folders, and directory structures. The OS of the computer maintains and manages all of these. To keep track of the information of these files, a File Allocation Table (FAT) is used. The FAT keeps track of every detail of the file, including its name, size, type, and so on. Besides, the OS is also responsible for ensuring that the files are not opened by unauthorized people.
- I/O Device Management. There are various I/O devices in a system. Diverse procedures require access to these devices, however, the processes should not access these devices directly. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the OS to manage access authorization of I/O devices.
- Virtual Memory. When the application's size surpasses the main memory, the OS is in charge of loading just the most frequently used pages into the main memory.
Most Popular Computer Operating Systems (OS)
- Microsoft Windows – the most popular and frequently used operating system on computers. It runs on PCs and IBM-compatible systems.
- macOS – Apple's main operating system, which runs on both desktops computers and laptops.
- Linux – an open-source operating system that can be installed on PCs and IBM-compatible systems. It is used to generate a variety of Linux distributions, including Debian, Ubuntu, Slackware, and Red Hat.
- Chrome OS – the operating system that is pre-installed on Google Chromebooks.
Mobile Device Operating Systems (OS)
- Android – the most widely used OS of the majority of well-known smartphone and tablet brands, except Apple.
- iOS – the OS of Apple smartphones and tablets.
The native token of Fantom (FTM) is used in the network for staking, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-on-chain-governance/">on-chain governance<\/strong><\/a>, and platform fees.<\/p>\n<p>Lachesis consensus mixes <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-proof-of-stake-pos/">proof-of-stake (PoS)<\/strong><\/a> and<strong> Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance (aBFT) consensus mechanisms<\/strong> as a way to achieve cheaper and speedier transactions as opposed to other blockchains. It is used by Fantom and also offers a very safe environment.<\/p>\n<p>The Fantom Opera Mainnet is compatible with the<a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-ethereum-virtual-machine-evm/"> Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)<\/strong><\/a> and offers <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-smart-contract/">smart contracts<\/strong><\/a> support using <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-solidity/">Solidity./n Furthermore, the issue that made it possible that only two or three requirements might be included in consensus algorithms at the same time, has been solved.<\/p>\n<p>Lachesis was famous for having an Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus process. Fantom's creators claim to have identified a solution to the scaling issue with blockchains. It is critical that this can be accomplished without jeopardizing other essential network features such as security and decentralization.<\/p>\n<p>The key advantage of Lachesis over Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant (pBFT) consensus systems is its resilience to <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-denial-of-service-dos-attack/">distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS)<\/strong><\/a>. Furthermore, aBTF systems are intended to be quicker than pBFT-based consensus approaches.<\/p>\n<h2>Fantom’s Architecture<\/h2>\n<p>The Opera Core, Opera Ware, and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-application-layer/">Application Layer<\/strong><\/a> are the three layers that make up the Fantom architecture running on top of each other. Fantom is unique in that it needs a second type of node known as an observer node to validate transactions and uses the dPOS approach to choose validating nodes. In addition, users must have at least 1,000,000 FTM in order to employ a validator.<\/p>\n<p>The Lachesis Protocol's bottom is Opera Core, which is in charge of keeping node consensus. Each transaction is stored on each node.<\/p>\n<p>In the middle, is<strong> Opera Ware<\/strong> and it enabled the protocol to run tasks such as providing incentives and developing Story Data.<\/p>\n<p>On top is the Opera Application which contains <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-api/">APIs that are accessible to the public and enable developers to connect with the Opera Ware layer using their <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-are-decentralized-applications-dapps/">dApps./n Applications such as supply-chain management need recordings of information from an application that has this function and is developed from its Story Data.<\/p>\n<h2>What is the Fantom Virtual Machine?<\/h2>\n<p>Firstly, the Fantom Virtual Machine is utilized on the mainnet of Fantom Opera. It is essentially a Fantom’s software development supply that offers the tools to develop and implement dApps (Decentralized Finance apps).<\/p>\n<p>Opera also supports the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).<\/p>\n<p>It allows developers to move their apps that are Ethereum-based and decentralized to the Fantom network without any complexity. This also guarantees that it will be fitting with the most prominent <strong>smart contract-based platform.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>How is Fantom Different?<\/h2>\n<p>Firstly, since the blocks in the Fantom network are self-retained it is more decentralized. All of the decentralized applications that operate on their personal blockchain are connected to the Lachesis consensus.<\/p>\n<p>Like any other proof-of-stake blockchain, Lachesis’ PoS mechanism enables validators to issue new blocks by staking their FTM. The aBFT protocol is the major factor of the Lachesis consensus because it makes it possible for nodes to build blocks individually.<\/p>\n<p>In that regard, nodes are able to come to an agreement on their own by using a two-factor confirmation mechanism as long as they obtain a majority of two-thirds. This removes the requirement of a leader node to create blocks, increasing the speed of the transactions and keeping superior protection.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, Bitcoin and Ethereum are first-and second-generation blockchains, correspondingly, and were not designed to scale. Decentralization and security were the most critical considerations.<\/p>\n<p>As a result, network transaction rates drop down, especially if more nodes are added. A transaction on the Bitcoin blockchain network, for example, may take up to 15 minutes. Transactions on the Fantom network, on the other hand, might be executed in a couple of moments.<\/p>\n<p>The Byzantine Fault Tolerance approach enables consensus even when there are faulty or malicious nodes in the network. It could possibly handle up to one-third of the network's faulty or malicious nodes without producing a service disruption.<\/p>\n<p>Also, Fantom is <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-permissionless/">permissionless. Meaning that everyone can operate a node.<\/p>","definition":"An open-source framework that allows anyone to engage in the network through governance and staking refers to Opera Mainnet (Fantom).","status":"published","meta_title":"What is Opera Mainnet (Fantom)? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Opera Mainnet (Fantom) meaning: Opera Mainnet (Fantom) - An open-source framework that allows anyone to engage in the network through governance and staking refers to Opera Mainnet (Fantom).","meta_keywords":null}"
:model="{"id":564,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operating_system","level":"medium","author_id":1,"created_at":"2023-06-19T06:59:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-12-07T20:44:22.000000Z","slug":"what-is-operating-system-os","title":"What is Operating System (OS)?","section":"O","keyword":"Operating System (OS)","content":"<p>Operating System (OS) is a <strong>software program<\/strong> that manages the resources of a computer and allows communication between programs and computer hardware.<\/p>\n<p>In the past, there were no operating systems. Thus, every computer program had to include all of the code needed<strong> to run the program<\/strong>, connect it to the hardware, and show the actual function of the program. Therefore, computer programs were difficult to create and too complicated to operate. Not to mention the fact that each piece of software could only <strong>run on the computer for which it was created<\/strong>. However, operating systems were created to change that.<\/p>\n<h2>Functions of Operating Systems (OS)<\/h2>\n<p>There are various functions conducted by OS in order to achieve specific objectives. These objectives include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #169179;\">Memory Management<\/span>. To run a process, it must first be loaded into the main memory where it will be executed. The <strong>memory is released after the process is finished<\/strong> and it can be used for other things. Thus, managing memory via allocating and deallocating it for the processes is the responsibility of the OS.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #169179;\">Process Management<\/span>. <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-central-processing-unit-cpu/">CPU (one of the resources managed by OS) usually has <strong>a number of processes in the ready state<\/strong> at any given time. A processor, on the other hand, can only manage one process at a time. Thus, a CPU uses various techniques to ensure that operations have constant and uninterrupted access to resources. These techniques include <em>first-come, first-serve, round-robin, shortest job first, priority scheduling<\/em>, and so on.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #169179;\"><strong>File Management<\/strong><\/span>. Every computer has its own set of files, folders, and directory structures. The OS of the computer maintains and manages all of these. To keep track of the information of these files, a File Allocation Table (FAT) is used. The FAT <strong>keeps track of every detail of the file<\/strong>, including its name, size, type, and so on. Besides, the OS is also responsible for ensuring that the files are not opened by unauthorized people.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #169179;\">I\/O Device Management<\/span>. There are various <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////en.wikipedia.org//wiki//Input//output/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>I\/O devices<\/strong><\/a> in a system. Diverse procedures require access to these devices, however, the processes <strong>should not access these devices directly<\/strong>. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the OS to manage access authorization of I\/O devices.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #169179;\">Virtual Memory<\/span>. When the application's size surpasses the main memory, the OS is in charge of loading just the most frequently used pages <strong>into the main memory<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Most Popular Computer Operating Systems (OS)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Microsoft Windows – the most popular and frequently used operating system on computers. It runs on PCs and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////en.wikipedia.org//wiki//IBM_PC_compatible/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>IBM-compatible<\/strong><\/a> systems.<\/li>\n<li>macOS – <strong>Apple's<\/strong> main operating system, which runs on both desktops computers and laptops.<\/li>\n<li>Linux – an open-source operating system that can be installed on PCs and IBM-compatible systems. It is used to generate a variety of Linux distributions, including <strong>Debian<\/strong>, Ubuntu, Slackware, and Red Hat.<\/li>\n<li>Chrome OS – the operating system that is pre-installed on <strong>Google Chromebooks<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Mobile Device Operating Systems (OS)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Android – the most widely used OS of the majority of well-known smartphone and tablet brands, except Apple.<\/li>\n<li>iOS – the OS of Apple smartphones and tablets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","definition":"a software program that manages the resources of a computer.","status":"published","meta_title":"What is Operating System (OS)? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Operating System (OS) meaning: Operating System (OS) - a software program that manages the resources of a computer.","meta_keywords":null,"author":{"id":1,"user_id":1,"created_at":"2023-05-03T14:30:55.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-11T07:18:20.000000Z","title":"Editor-In-Chief","slug":"aaron-s-editor-in-chief","description":"<p>Having completed a Master’s degree on Economics, Politics & Culture for the East Asia region, Aaron has written scientific papers with a comparative analysis of the differences between US’ Western and Japan’s Collective forms of capitalism, 1945-2020.<\/p>\n<p>With close to a decade of experience in the FinTech industry, Aaron understands all of the biggest issues and struggles that crypto enthusiasts face. He’s a passionate analyst who is concerned with data-driven and fact-based content, as well as that which speaks to both Web3 natives and industry newcomers.<\/p>\n<p>Aaron is the go-to person for everything and anything related to digital currencies. With a huge passion for blockchain & Web3 education, Aaron strives to transform the space as we know it, and make it more approachable to complete beginners.<\/p>\n<p>Aaron has been quoted by multiple established outlets, and is a published author himself. Even during his free time, he enjoys researching the market trends, and looking for the next supernova.<\/p>","user":{"id":1,"first_name":"Aaron","last_name":"S.","email":"aaron@bitdegree.org","email_sanitized":"aaron@bitdegree.org","email_verified_at":"2023-12-01T09:40:20.000000Z","must_verify_email":false,"is_registered_with_wallet":false,"status":"active","country":"LT","last_connected_ip":"88.119.132.125","image_id":2641,"referral_token":"05TMu2NysXOCn525","referred_by":null,"created_at":"2023-05-03T14:30:55.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-01-09T15:22:21.000000Z","full_name":"Aaron S."}}}"
:chapter-list="[{"id":1,"title":"Blockchain","slug":"blockchain","updated":null,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-blockchain.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/blockchain-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"chapter_id":1,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-blockchain","title":"What is the Blockchain?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":2,"slug":"decentralized-blockchain","title":"Anonymous & Decentralized Blockchains: The Cornerstone of Crypto","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":3,"slug":"blockchain-transaction","title":"What is a Blockchain Transaction in Crypto?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":4,"slug":"crypto-fees","title":"The Different Types of Crypto Fees Explained","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":5,"slug":"what-is-bridging-in-crypto","title":"The Key Notion Behind the Concept of Bridging in Crypto","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":6,"slug":"types-of-blockchains","title":"Different Types of Blockchains: What to Look Out For?","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":2,"title":"Cryptocurrencies","slug":"cryptocurrencies","updated":null,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-cryptocurrencies.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/cryptocurrencies-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"chapter_id":2,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-a-cryptocurrency","title":"What is a Cryptocurrency?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":2,"slug":"how-does-cryptocurrency-work","title":"How Does Cryptocurrency Work?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":3,"slug":"is-cryptocurrency-a-good-investment","title":"Is Cryptocurrency a Good Investment? The Pros & Cons","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":4,"slug":"coin-vs-token","title":"Coin VS Token: How Do They Differ?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":5,"slug":"what-are-stablecoins","title":"What are Stablecoins, Altcoins & Wrapped Coins?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":6,"slug":"what-is-a-bitcoin","title":"Bitcoin: the Pioneer of the Crypto World","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":7,"slug":"what-is-ethereum","title":"The Ultimate Blockchain for dApp Creation: Ethereum","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":8,"slug":"what-is-cardano-in-crypto","title":"What is Cardano and What is It Used For?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":9,"slug":"what-is-shiba-inu-coin","title":"Shiba Inu: the Dogecoin 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Standards","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":5,"slug":"how-to-buy-crypto","title":"From Fiat to Crypto: How to Buy Crypto for the First Time","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":6,"slug":"fiat-to-crypto","title":"Taking Profits: Turning Crypto Into Fiat","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":7,"slug":"how-to-use-crypto","title":"You\u2019ve Got Crypto: What Can You Do With It?","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":4,"title":"Crypto Wallets","slug":"crypto-wallets","updated":false,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-crypto-wallets.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/crypto-wallets-101.jpg","rating":80,"sections":[{"chapter_id":4,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-a-crypto-wallet","title":"What is a Crypto 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The Ins and Outs","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":3,"slug":"buying-nft","title":"Tips and Tricks of Choosing the Right NFTs","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":4,"slug":"how-to-store-nft","title":"How to Store NFTs: Best Practices","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":5,"slug":"how-to-create-an-nft","title":"How to Create Your Own NFTs?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":6,"slug":"how-to-make-passive-money-with-nft","title":"Making Passive Money with NFTs","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":6,"title":"dApps & Defi","slug":"dapps-and-defi","updated":true,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-dapps.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/dapps-defi-101.jpg","rating":80,"sections":[{"chapter_id":6,"order":1,"slug":"what-are-nfts","title":"What are Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-defi","title":"What is Decentralized Finance (DeFi)?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":2,"slug":"what-is-defi-2-0","title":"DeFi 2.0: The New Version of Decentralized Finance","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":3,"slug":"what-are-dapps-in-crypto","title":"What Are dApps and How Do They Work?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":4,"slug":"defi-dapps","title":"Picking the Right dApps: Dos and Don'ts","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":5,"slug":"what-is-web-3-0","title":"Web 3.0: The Future of the Internet","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":6,"slug":"what-are-smart-contracts","title":"What is the Core Purpose of Smart Contracts?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":7,"slug":"what-is-a-dao-in-crypto","title":"The Notion of a Decentralized Autonomous Ogranization (DAO)","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":8,"slug":"what-is-staking-in-crypto","title":"What is the Goal of Staking Crypto Assets?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":9,"slug":"what-is-liquidity-pool-in-crypto","title":"What is a Liquidity Pool and How Does It Work?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":10,"slug":"what-is-automated-market-maker","title":"Automated Market Maker: the Cornerstone of the Decentralized Crypto Exchange Industry","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":11,"slug":"what-is-yield-farming-in-crypto","title":"The Main Yield Farming 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current-chapter="O"
current-section="what-is-operating-system-os">What is Lachesis?<\/h2>\n<p>Instead of copying the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-proof-of-work-pow/">proof-of-work (PoW)<\/strong><\/a> operations that are utilized in <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////www.bitdegree.org//crypto//buy-bitcoin-btc/">Bitcoin and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////www.bitdegree.org//crypto//buy-ethereum-eth/">Ethereum, Fantom uses its personal consensus strategy named Lachesis. The strategy allows Fantom to operate in a way <strong>faster<\/strong> manner and be more high-performance than previous versions.<\/p>\n<p>The enthusiasts of the network indicate that Lachesis is perfect for applications that, because of its speed, need a big amount of <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-throughput/">throughput./n