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Crypto Terms:  Letter H

What is Hardware Security Module (HSM)?

Meaning:
Hardware Security Module (HSM) - Hardware Security Module is a computing device that allows to secure digital keys, encrypt data, and add extra security for cryptographic authentications.
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1 minute

Let's find out Hardware Security Module (HSM) meaning, definition in crypto, what is Hardware Security Module (HSM), and all other detailed facts.

Hardware Security Module (HSM) can be used in order to secure and encrypt digital data while providing cryptographic authentications. In general, businesses use HSMs to protect data verification and transactions.

Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) establishes the requirements for HSMs. There are necessary requirements like the use of customized hardware and a secure operating system (OS). Additionally, it must protect data by using cryptographic storage and a secure network.

There are three types of HSM hardware: general-purpose, transaction/payment, and cloud-based. When it comes to the latter, well-known platforms like Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud are considered to be cloud-based HSM. 

Generic data protection applications and cryptocurrency wallets make good use of general-purpose HSMs. Whereas transaction/payment HSMs are specifically designed for digital payments. It helps with PIN technology safety and electronic funds transfers (ETF).

public and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-private-key-secret-key/">private keys used to track crypto assets on specific blockchains.<\/p>\n<p>While it&rsquo;s common to say that hardware wallets store the actual cryptocurrency inside, they actually only provide access to the coins. For consistency&rsquo;s sake, the functionality of hardware wallets is referred to as storing.<\/p>\n<p>Hardware wallets have numerous advantages over <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-hot-wallet/">hot wallets<\/strong><\/a> which require internet access to store cryptocurrencies. Cold wallets store private keys natively, offering reinforced security from malicious code. Private keys are used to identify the owner of the assets stored in the wallet. They also allow holders to transfer their crypto assets to and from the wallet.<\/p>\n<p>Hardware wallets come with two key security features &ndash; <strong>a secure PIN code and a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-seed-phrase/">seed phrase<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The seed phrase<\/strong> is required to access the wallet if the user has lost their PIN. Even if a wallet is stolen, it's nearly unhackable, as most models will reset and burn any stored assets if the seed phrase is entered incorrectly multiple times.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The PIN<\/strong> is the most frequently used security measure as the user must enter it to access the contents of the wallet. Furthermore, users should keep their physical wallets in a secure place to avoid losing them or having them stolen.<\/p>\n<p>Cold wallets can be used to sign any outgoing transactions. While the security measures are nearly fool-proof, the wallets themselves are easy-to-use for new investors or people who are not as tech-savvy. Hardware wallets can be used to store not only cryptocurrencies but also other assets, such as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-non-fungible-token-nft/">non-fungible tokens (NFTs)<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the most popular hardware wallet brands are <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////www.bitdegree.org//crypto//goon//ledger/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Ledger<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////www.bitdegree.org//crypto//goon//trezor/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Trezor<\/strong><\/a>, and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////www.bitdegree.org//crypto//goon//keepkey/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>KeepKey<\/strong><\/a>. Most cold wallets are able to support multiple cryptocurrencies on different blockchains and may be compatible with some software-based wallets.<\/p>","definition":"a physical electronic device to store cryptocurrency.","status":"published","meta_title":"What is Hardware Wallet? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Hardware Wallet meaning: Hardware Wallet - a physical electronic device to store cryptocurrency.","meta_keywords":null}" :prev-section="{"id":458,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exchange_rate_regime","level":"medium","author_id":1,"created_at":"2023-06-19T06:59:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-12-08T07:58:23.000000Z","slug":"what-is-hard-peg","title":"What is Hard Peg?","section":"H","keyword":"Hard Peg","content":"<p><strong>Hard Peg<\/strong> is an <strong>exchange rate policy in which there&rsquo;s a fixed exchange rate between two currencies<\/strong>. For instance, when China fixed its Chinese Yuan to the US dollar at the rate of 8.28 per dollar.<\/p>\n<p>If one currency has a fixed exchange rate to another currency or a basket of currencies, that currency&rsquo;s value will fluctuate with the same ratio against other currencies. There&rsquo;s only so much movement allowed in relation to a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-pegged-currency/">pegged currency<\/strong><\/a> when a hard peg is established. This creates a currency band.<\/p>\n<p>A lot of currencies have a fixed exchange rate in the beginning, however as more time passes by, they start to move freely based on the market conditions. Generally speaking, it happens since the government can&rsquo;t or won&rsquo;t maintain the peg due to various reasons.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For example, Tether (formerly known as RealCoin) states that its <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////www.bitdegree.org//crypto//best-cryptocurrency/">cryptocurrency is pegged to the US dollar. Therefore, one unit of their <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-token/">tokens is backed by one US dollar which is held as a reserve by Tether Limited. It&rsquo;s unknown whether there are any solid grounds behind these claims.<\/p>\n<p>Transparency and simplicity are the key benefits of hard pegs since the supply of cryptocurrency is fixed and well-known. This can make them a lot easier to apply while maintaining transaction anonymity.<\/p>\n<p>One of the few drawbacks of a hard peg is problems maintaining a peg in cases where people would rather use their reserves as a currency instead of a commodity. For instance, if a large number of people were to buy Tether&rsquo;s cryptocurrency, they wouldn't be able to back every issued token since there will be a shortage of dollars.<\/p>\n<p>If more and more people were to start selling their cryptocurrency for dollars, peg maintenance would become quite challenging.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>When a country fixes its currency&rsquo;s value to the value of another country&rsquo;s currency, it&rsquo;s enforcing the hard peg policy. Usually, countries that experience high amounts of trade enforce this type of policy such as nations in East Asia.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, a hard peg can also be enforced due to an agreement between many countries to peg each other&rsquo;s currencies. An example of this would be the European Union.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>There can be many benefits of pegging currencies between different countries.<\/p>\n<p>Firstly, hard pegs <strong>offer countries stability by establishing an exchange rate and eliminating any doubts about money supply fluctuations<\/strong>. It&rsquo;s a great option for developing countries.<\/p>\n<p>Secondly, hard pegs create <strong>a space for easy trading with other countries that have fixed their currency with each other<\/strong>. This way countries don&rsquo;t have to devalue their currencies in order to get better trade terms.<\/p>\n<p>Thirdly, <strong>stabilizing the exchange rates disables fluctuations in its money supply<\/strong>. Thus minimizing the risk of foreign investors taking loans and capital investments in that specific country.<\/p>","definition":"is an exchange rate policy enforced by the government where it fixes its own country\u2019s currency to that of another country.","status":"published","meta_title":"What is Hard Peg? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Hard Peg meaning: Hard Peg - is an exchange rate policy enforced by the government where it fixes its own country\u2019s currency to that of another country.","meta_keywords":null}" :model="{"id":376,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hardware_security_module","level":"easy","author_id":1,"created_at":"2023-06-19T06:58:59.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-12-11T03:43:40.000000Z","slug":"what-is-hardware-security-module-hsm","title":"What is Hardware Security Module (HSM)?","section":"H","keyword":"Hardware Security Module (HSM)","content":"<p><strong>Hardware Security Module (HSM)<\/strong> can be used in order to <strong>secure and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-encryption/">encrypt digital data while providing <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-cryptography/">cryptographic authentications<\/strong>. In general, <strong>businesses use HSMs to protect data verification and transactions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) establishes the requirements for HSMs. There are necessary requirements like the use of customized hardware and a secure <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-operating-system-os/">operating system (OS)<\/strong><\/a>. Additionally, it must protect data by using cryptographic storage and a secure network.<\/p>\n<p>There are three types of HSM hardware: general-purpose, transaction\/payment, and cloud-based. When it comes to the latter, well-known platforms like Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud are considered to be cloud-based HSM.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Generic data protection applications and cryptocurrency <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-wallet/">wallets make good use of general-purpose HSMs. Whereas transaction\/payment HSMs are specifically designed for digital payments. It helps with PIN technology safety and electronic funds transfers (ETF).<\/p>","definition":"Hardware Security Module is a computing device that allows to secure digital keys, encrypt data, and add extra security for cryptographic authentications.","status":"published","meta_title":"What is Hardware Security Module (HSM)? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Hardware Security Module (HSM) meaning: Hardware Security Module (HSM) - Hardware Security Module is a computing device that allows to secure digital keys, encrypt data, and add extra security for cryptographic authentications.","meta_keywords":null,"author":{"id":1,"user_id":1,"created_at":"2023-05-03T14:30:55.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-11T07:18:20.000000Z","title":"Editor-In-Chief","slug":"aaron-s-editor-in-chief","description":"<p>Having completed a Master&rsquo;s degree on Economics, Politics &amp; Culture for the East Asia region, Aaron has written scientific papers with a comparative analysis of the differences between US&rsquo; Western and Japan&rsquo;s Collective forms of capitalism, 1945-2020.<\/p>\n<p>With close to a decade of experience in the FinTech industry, Aaron understands all of the biggest issues and struggles that crypto enthusiasts face. He&rsquo;s a passionate analyst who is concerned with data-driven and fact-based content, as well as that which speaks to both Web3 natives and industry newcomers.<\/p>\n<p>Aaron is the go-to person for everything and anything related to digital currencies. With a huge passion for blockchain &amp; Web3 education, Aaron strives to transform the space as we know it, and make it more approachable to complete beginners.<\/p>\n<p>Aaron has been quoted by multiple established outlets, and is a published author himself. Even during his free time, he enjoys researching the market trends, and looking for the next supernova.<\/p>","user":{"id":1,"first_name":"Aaron","last_name":"S.","email":"aaron@bitdegree.org","email_sanitized":"aaron@bitdegree.org","email_verified_at":"2023-12-01T09:40:20.000000Z","must_verify_email":false,"is_registered_with_wallet":false,"status":"active","country":"LT","last_connected_ip":"88.119.132.125","image_id":2641,"referral_token":"05TMu2NysXOCn525","referred_by":null,"created_at":"2023-05-03T14:30:55.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-01-09T15:22:21.000000Z","full_name":"Aaron S."}}}" :chapter-list="[{"id":1,"title":"Blockchain","slug":"blockchain","updated":null,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-blockchain.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/blockchain-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"chapter_id":1,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-blockchain","title":"What is the Blockchain?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":2,"slug":"decentralized-blockchain","title":"Anonymous & Decentralized Blockchains: The Cornerstone of Crypto","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":3,"slug":"blockchain-transaction","title":"What is a Blockchain Transaction in Crypto?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":4,"slug":"crypto-fees","title":"The Different Types of Crypto Fees Explained","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":5,"slug":"what-is-bridging-in-crypto","title":"The Key Notion Behind the Concept of Bridging in Crypto","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":6,"slug":"types-of-blockchains","title":"Different Types of Blockchains: What to Look Out For?","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":2,"title":"Cryptocurrencies","slug":"cryptocurrencies","updated":null,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-cryptocurrencies.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/cryptocurrencies-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"chapter_id":2,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-a-cryptocurrency","title":"What is a Cryptocurrency?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":2,"slug":"how-does-cryptocurrency-work","title":"How Does Cryptocurrency Work?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":3,"slug":"is-cryptocurrency-a-good-investment","title":"Is Cryptocurrency a Good Investment? The Pros & Cons","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":4,"slug":"coin-vs-token","title":"Coin VS Token: How Do They Differ?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":5,"slug":"what-are-stablecoins","title":"What are Stablecoins, Altcoins & Wrapped Coins?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":6,"slug":"what-is-a-bitcoin","title":"Bitcoin: the Pioneer of the Crypto World","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":7,"slug":"what-is-ethereum","title":"The Ultimate Blockchain for dApp Creation: Ethereum","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":8,"slug":"what-is-cardano-in-crypto","title":"What is Cardano and What is It Used For?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":9,"slug":"what-is-shiba-inu-coin","title":"Shiba Inu: the Dogecoin Killer","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":10,"slug":"what-is-solana-in-crypto","title":"Is Solana an Improved Version of Ethereum?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":11,"slug":"what-is-polkadot-in-crypto","title":"The Bridge Between Blockchains: Polkadot","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":12,"slug":"what-is-polygon-in-crypto","title":"Polygon: the Essential Scaling Solution for Ethereum","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":13,"slug":"what-is-luna-crypto","title":"The Bumpy Road of Terra (LUNA)","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":14,"slug":"what-is-fantom-crypto","title":"Is Fantom (FTM) Yet Another Ethereum Killer?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":15,"slug":"what-is-aave-crypto","title":"Aave: Crypto Lending Trailblazer","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":16,"slug":"what-is-algorand-crypto","title":"Did Algorand Truly Solve the Blockchain Trilemma?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":17,"slug":"what-is-olympus-dao","title":"Does Olympus DAO Have Anything to Do With Mythology?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":18,"slug":"what-is-avax","title":"Is Avalanche Network (AVAX) Rightfully Called the Future of DeFi?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":19,"slug":"what-is-monero-coin","title":"Monero: Where Cryptocurrency Meets Cryptography","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":20,"slug":"what-is-ripple-xrp","title":"Is Ripple \"it\" When it Comes to Cross-Border Transactions?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":21,"slug":"practical-use-of-cryptocurrencies","title":"The Practical Use of Crypto","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":3,"title":"Crypto Exchanges","slug":"crypto-exchanges","updated":null,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-crypto-exchanges.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/crypto-exchanges-101.jpg","rating":80,"sections":[{"chapter_id":3,"order":1,"slug":"how-do-cryptocurrency-exchanges-work","title":"How do Cryptocurrency Exchanges Work?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":2,"slug":"dex-vs-cex","title":"DEX VS CEX: Two Sides of the Crypto Exchange Industry","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":3,"slug":"crypto-day-trading","title":"Crypto Day Trading: The Difference Between Buying, Trading, and Swapping","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":4,"slug":"kyc-crypto","title":"KYC & AML: The Key to Complying With Legal Industry Standards","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":5,"slug":"how-to-buy-crypto","title":"From Fiat to Crypto: How to Buy Crypto for the First Time","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":6,"slug":"fiat-to-crypto","title":"Taking Profits: Turning Crypto Into Fiat","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":7,"slug":"how-to-use-crypto","title":"You\u2019ve Got Crypto: What Can You Do With It?","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":4,"title":"Crypto Wallets","slug":"crypto-wallets","updated":false,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-crypto-wallets.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/crypto-wallets-101.jpg","rating":80,"sections":[{"chapter_id":4,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-a-crypto-wallet","title":"What is a Crypto Wallet?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":4,"order":2,"slug":"hot-wallet-vs-cold-wallet","title":"Hot Wallet VS Cold Wallet: Which One to Pick?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":4,"order":3,"slug":"non-custodial-wallet","title":"What are Non-Custodial Crypto Wallets?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":4,"order":4,"slug":"what-is-metamask","title":"Metamask: The Leading Non-Custodial Wallet","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":4,"order":37,"slug":"how-safe-is-cryptocurrency","title":"The Key Crypto Wallet Safety Practices: How Safe Can Crypto Be?","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":5,"title":"NFTs","slug":"nfts","updated":null,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-nfts.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/nfts-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"chapter_id":5,"order":2,"slug":"how-to-trade-nfts","title":"NFT Trading: The Ins and Outs","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":3,"slug":"buying-nft","title":"Tips and Tricks of Choosing the Right NFTs","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":4,"slug":"how-to-store-nft","title":"How to Store NFTs: Best Practices","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":5,"slug":"how-to-create-an-nft","title":"How to Create Your Own NFTs?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":6,"slug":"how-to-make-passive-money-with-nft","title":"Making Passive Money with NFTs","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":6,"title":"dApps & Defi","slug":"dapps-and-defi","updated":true,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-dapps.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/dapps-defi-101.jpg","rating":80,"sections":[{"chapter_id":6,"order":1,"slug":"what-are-nfts","title":"What are Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-defi","title":"What is Decentralized Finance (DeFi)?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":2,"slug":"what-is-defi-2-0","title":"DeFi 2.0: The New Version of Decentralized Finance","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":3,"slug":"what-are-dapps-in-crypto","title":"What Are dApps and How Do They Work?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":4,"slug":"defi-dapps","title":"Picking the Right dApps: Dos and Don'ts","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":5,"slug":"what-is-web-3-0","title":"Web 3.0: The Future of the Internet","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":6,"slug":"what-are-smart-contracts","title":"What is the Core Purpose of Smart Contracts?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":7,"slug":"what-is-a-dao-in-crypto","title":"The Notion of a Decentralized Autonomous Ogranization (DAO)","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":8,"slug":"what-is-staking-in-crypto","title":"What is the Goal of Staking Crypto Assets?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":9,"slug":"what-is-liquidity-pool-in-crypto","title":"What is a Liquidity Pool and How Does It Work?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":10,"slug":"what-is-automated-market-maker","title":"Automated Market Maker: the Cornerstone of the Decentralized Crypto Exchange Industry","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":11,"slug":"what-is-yield-farming-in-crypto","title":"The Main Yield Farming 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Cryptocurrencies?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":7,"order":2,"slug":"how-to-invest-in-crypto","title":"Investing in Crypto: What Investing Options Do You Have?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":7,"order":3,"slug":"ico-vs-ido","title":"ICO vs IDO vs IEO: Which One is the One?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":7,"order":4,"slug":"what-is-an-airdrop","title":"What are Crypto Airdrops and How to Get Them?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":7,"order":5,"slug":"how-to-get-free-crypto","title":"How to Get Free Crypto Assets?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":7,"order":6,"slug":"how-to-arbitrage-crypto","title":"What is Crypto Arbitrage: The Main Principles","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":7,"order":7,"slug":"what-is-a-perpetual-contract","title":"Perpetual Contracts: Futures Contracts Without an Expiration Date","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":7,"order":8,"slug":"what-is-fud","title":"What is FUD: How to Use It to Your Advantage While Investing in Crypto?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":7,"order":9,"slug":"investing-in-cryptocurrency","title":"Investing in Cryptocurrency: How to Manage Your Risks?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":7,"order":10,"slug":"what-is-a-rug-pull-in-crypto","title":"What is a Rug Pull in Crypto?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":7,"order":11,"slug":"how-to-avoid-rug-pulls-in-crypto","title":"How to Spot and Avoid Rug Pulls?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":7,"order":12,"slug":"how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes","title":"The Key Legal Techniques of Avoiding Crypto Taxes","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":8,"title":"Crypto 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