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Crypto Terms:  Letter B

What is Black Swan Event?

Meaning:
Black Swan Event - is commonly characterized as an unanticipated incident that has a major impact on a previously, as thought, foreseen event.
medium
3 minutes

Let's find out Black Swan Event meaning, definition in crypto, what is Black Swan Event, and all other detailed facts.

A black swan is often defined as an unexpected occurrence that has a significant influence on a previously predicted event. It rarely happens, nevertheless, it has consequences.

Unfortunately, it’s impossible to predict a black swan event beforehand, even though it can cause enormous damage to the economy. That’s because it has a negative impact on investments and the market in general.

The phrase Black Swan Event could have come from a Latin phrase said by Juvenal, the Roman poet, in the 2nd century. The Latin phrase he said means “an unusual bird in the lands that looks a lot like a black swan”. For a long time, it was thought that black swans do not exist. Later on, the name of these birds was used when talking about something that comes as a surprise.

The term was first used by a writer and finance professor, as well as the former Wall Street trader, Nassim Nicholas Taleb. To be precise, the writer talked about the term in his book. The book was written in 2007. He emphasized the importance of preparing for anything unpredictable to happen and planning ahead.

The probability of its occurrence is unknown. However, when it happens it has a big negative impact. Those who observe the event and the aftermath, are known to be speculating as to what could have prevented it and how it could have been predicted. Moreover, the event can be explained only in retrospect.

When a black swan event happens in the field of finances and cryptocurrency it results in huge misery and destruction.

As an example, consider the 2001 dotcom bubble. This occurred during a period of rapid economic expansion in the United States, as well as a surge in private wealth before everything spectacularly crashed. At the time, investment funds were pouring money into technology firms with exorbitant valuations and no market traction.

Then these firms went bankrupt, and the negative risk was transferred to the investors.

A similar situation happened in 2008, amid a financial crisis when the housing market in the United States collapsed. The repercussions were massive and far-reaching. People with poor or no credit were approved for mortgages on homes that were much beyond their financial limits.

At the same time as payment deadlines passed and mortgages began to default in droves, the lending powerhouses began to fail.

The U.S. government then approved the TARP (Troubled Asset Relief Program). To be more specific, approximately $1 trillion was invested to assist large banks and reestablish liquidity in the economy. Furthermore, the regulations were modified in the hopes that this black swan incident would not occur again.

The most recent example is the COVID-19, which hit the world without warning. There was no one prepared or equipped to deal with the epidemic. Therefore, it had a significant influence on stock market crashes, unemployment rates, business failures, and so on.

To be fair, COVID-19 fulfilles all of the criteria for a black swan occurrence.

hash algorithm<\/strong><\/a> that was created by Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Luca Henzen, Willi Meier, and <strong>Raphael C.-W. Phan<\/strong> and is used in Decred. The Blake-256 algorithm was designed to run as fast as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////en.wikipedia.org//wiki//SHA-1/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>SHA-1<\/strong><\/a> on 64-bit processors and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////en.wikipedia.org//wiki//MD5/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>MD5<\/strong><\/a> on 32-bit processors. Blake is based on a variant of the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////en.wikipedia.org//wiki//Salsa20/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Salsa20 stream cipher<\/strong><\/a> called <strong>ChaCha<\/strong>. However, Blake&rsquo;s internal state (1600 bits) is larger than Salsa20&rsquo;s (256 bits).<\/p>\n<p>The way that Blake works can be described in steps:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>message<\/strong> is initially divided into <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-block/">blocks, each of which is hashed separately (the last block is padded to a full block length).<\/li>\n<li>Each block is passed through a 512-bit internal state that is operated by an internal compression function (32 rows and 16 columns).<\/li>\n<li><a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////en.wikipedia.org//wiki//XOR_gate/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>XOR<\/strong><\/a> is used to combine the output of the compression function with the starting state, and then a linear transformation is used to permute it.<\/li>\n<li>After that, the final state is split into two 512-bit halves and <strong>XORed together to create the final version<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A great technique of decreasing a hash value is to XOR it with a constant value, which on some architectures can result in <strong>more efficient computing<\/strong>. This notion is heavily used in the Blake-256 hashing method. Besides, this does not result in a major decrease in security, and it does speed up the algorithm's processing time.<\/p>\n<p>The Blake hashing algorithm creates two distinct hash functions that are combined to create a 512-bit hash value (64 bytes).<\/p>\n<p>Blake is an <strong>iterative hash function<\/strong> that increases security against collisions and preimage attacks by using randomization. Though it uses the same amount of resources as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////en.wikipedia.org//wiki//SHA-2/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>SHA-2 <\/strong><\/a>(but a smaller amount than MD5) to do that.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>main features of Blake<\/strong> include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fast Hashing. Blake is definitely one of the fastest cryptographic hash functions there is. In terms of speed, it even surpasses <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https:////en.wikipedia.org//wiki//Whirlpool_Corporation/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Whirlpool<\/strong><\/a>, which is the most widely used cryptographic hash function in the industry.<\/li>\n<li>Stream Cipher. This feature enables a program to <strong>hash any quantity of data without having to wait for all of it to be read<\/strong>. Besides, it enables the usage of such applications as file hashing utilities.<\/li>\n<li>Security. Since it has a larger internal state (1024 bits) it is definitely more secure than SHA-2, which has <strong>a half smaller internal state (512 bits)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","definition":"a hash algorithm used in Decred.","status":"published","meta_title":"What is Blake-256? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Blake-256 meaning: Blake-256 - a hash algorithm used in Decred.","meta_keywords":null}" :prev-section="{"id":102,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_hat_(computer_security)","level":"hard","author_id":1,"created_at":"2023-06-19T06:58:59.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-01-01T08:23:18.000000Z","slug":"what-is-black-hat-hacker","title":"What is Black Hat Hacker?","section":"B","keyword":"Black Hat Hacker","content":"<p><strong>Black hat hackers<\/strong> use <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-malware/">malware to break into computer systems to acquire data. Their motives may vary. However, in many cases, black hat hacks are driven by personal interest for quick financial gain. The malicious software used by black hat hackers is capable of stealing, editing, or deleting data from a computer system after it was accessed.<\/p>\n<p>The strategies used by black hat hackers depend on their skill level. While some black hat attacks are small-scale, others target corporations. In recent years, there have been several notable black hat hacks aimed at <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-blockchain/">blockchain and interchain networks with the aim to extract large sums of <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-cryptocurrency/">cryptocurrencies./n

Black Hat Hackers vs. White Hat Hackers<\/h2>\n<p>Black and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"//crypto//learn//crypto-terms//what-is-white-hat-computer-hacker/">white hat hackers<\/strong><\/a> derive their names from the Spaghetti Western tropes. In these movies, good characters usually wore white hats, while the bad guys wore black ones. Therefore, the hat colors represent the intent of the hackers.<\/p>\n<p>Black hat hackers commit their attacks with the intent to steal data, assets, or otherwise cause harm to computer systems. They can jeopardize network security by directly altering data or removing it altogether. Black hat hacking is committed with criminal intent.<\/p>\n<p>White hat hackers are otherwise known as <strong>ethical hackers<\/strong>. They are computer experts hired by organizations to run checks on their systems by hacking into them, and expose vulnerabilities when they come across any.<\/p>\n<p>White hat hackers may test the penetrability of the computer system and install protective measures to reinforce network security. White hat hackers aim to get ahead of malicious actors like black hat hackers and patch any system issues before they are taken advantage of.<\/p>\n<h2>Other Hat Hackers<\/h2>\n<p>In addition to black and white hats, there are more colors on the hacking spectrum. As technologies advance, new hacker categories are established at varying levels of proficiency and driven by different intent.<\/p>\n<h3>Gray Hat Hackers<\/h3>\n<p>As the name suggests, gray hat hackers lie somewhere in the middle between black and white hats. Their intent may be murky. Gray hat hackers typically don&rsquo;t aim to make a profit from their attacks. Their actions may simply be driven by curiosity and wanting to explore the gaps in computer systems.<\/p>\n<p>However, gray hat hackers are not necessarily driven by ethical intent either. They may not report their discoveries of system gaps to the organization, thus leaving the opportunity for black hat hackers to break into the network. They do not feel the need to help people or organizations. Therefore, they are in the &ldquo;gray area&rdquo; of cybercrime.<\/p>\n<h3>Green Hat Hackers<\/h3>\n<p>Green hat hackers are referred to as such because they are still new to the field. They do not have the advanced skills and experience of black hat hackers, which makes them green in comparison.<\/p>\n<p>They are generally enthusiastic about developing their skills and improving their hacking abilities. They may seek out more experienced hackers as mentors. Whether they end up becoming black, white, or gray hat hackers depends on their personal intent.<\/p>\n<h3>Blue Hat Hackers<\/h3>\n<p>There are two definitions of blue hat hackers. Some define them as hackers who are seeking revenge from a particular company or an individual. The more common profile of a blue hat hacker is someone who does not have advanced hacking abilities. However, unlike green hats, they aren&rsquo;t interested in developing their skills further.<\/p>\n<p>Blue hat hackers may only develop enough knowledge to commit the attack on their target of vengeance and not commit any further cybercrime in the future.<\/p>\n<h3>Red Hat Hackers<\/h3>\n<p>Red hat hackers are sometimes described as <strong>vigilantes<\/strong>. Similar to white hats, red hat hackers aim to disarm black hats. However, red hats do not simply want to prevent a black hat from breaching a system. Their goal is to cause as much harm to black hats in the process as possible.<\/p>\n<p>Red hats may launch counter-attacks aimed at the systems used by black hat hackers. They attempt to destroy the software used by black hats and are often considered to be the most sophisticated category of hackers.<\/p>\n<h2>Other Hacker Types<\/h2>\n<p>Black hat hacking is only one form of hacking that is common in the digital world. Different types of hacking are distinguished based on their methodology and the aim of the hacker.<\/p>\n<p>Acquiring sensitive data and metadata, stealing financial assets, and spying on individuals or governmental organizations are a few of the common motives for hackers. White hat hackers are typically hired by organizations to expose system vulnerabilities or bugs.<\/p>\n<p>Some hackers are organized into groups and perform their attacks with political intent. These hackers are typically known as hacktivists. Organizations like Anonymous are known as hacktivist movements.<\/p>","definition":"a hacker that uses malware to break into a computer or a computer system to steal data.","status":"published","meta_title":"What is Black Hat Hacker? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Black Hat Hacker meaning: Black Hat Hacker - a hacker that uses malware to break into a computer or a computer system to steal data.","meta_keywords":null}" :model="{"id":100,"wikipedia_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_swan_theory","level":"medium","author_id":1,"created_at":"2023-06-19T06:58:59.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-01-01T08:23:29.000000Z","slug":"what-is-black-swan-event","title":"What is Black Swan Event?","section":"B","keyword":"Black Swan Event","content":"<p><strong>A black swan is often defined as an unexpected occurrence that has a significant influence on a previously predicted event.<\/strong> It rarely happens, nevertheless, it has consequences.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, it&rsquo;s impossible to predict a black swan event beforehand, even though it can cause enormous damage to the economy. That&rsquo;s because it has a negative impact on investments and the market in general.<\/p>\n<p>The phrase Black Swan Event could have come from a Latin phrase said by Juvenal, the Roman poet, in the 2nd century. The Latin phrase he said means &ldquo;an unusual bird in the lands that looks a lot like a black swan&rdquo;. For a long time, it was thought that black swans do not exist. Later on, the name of these birds was used when talking about something that comes as a surprise.<\/p>\n<p>The term was first used by a writer and finance professor, as well as the former Wall Street trader, Nassim Nicholas Taleb. To be precise, the writer talked about the term in his book. The book was written in 2007. He emphasized the importance of preparing for anything unpredictable to happen and planning ahead.<\/p>\n<p>The probability of its occurrence is unknown. However, when it happens it has a big negative impact. Those who observe the event and the aftermath, are known to be speculating as to what could have prevented it and how it could have been predicted. Moreover, the event can be explained only in retrospect.<\/p>\n<p><em>When a black swan event happens in the field of finances and cryptocurrency it results in huge misery and destruction.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>As an example, consider <strong>the 2001 dotcom bubble<\/strong>. This occurred during a period of rapid economic expansion in the United States, as well as a surge in private wealth before everything spectacularly crashed. At the time, investment funds were pouring money into technology firms with exorbitant valuations and no market traction.<\/p>\n<p>Then these firms went bankrupt, and the negative risk was transferred to the investors.<\/p>\n<p>A similar situation happened in 2008, amid a financial crisis when the housing market in the United States collapsed. The repercussions were massive and far-reaching. People with poor or no credit were approved for mortgages on homes that were much beyond their financial limits.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time as payment deadlines passed and mortgages began to default in droves, the lending powerhouses began to fail.<\/p>\n<p>The U.S. government then approved the TARP (Troubled Asset Relief Program). To be more specific, approximately <strong>$1 trillion<\/strong> was invested to assist large banks and reestablish liquidity in the economy. Furthermore, the regulations were modified in the hopes that this black swan incident would not occur again.<\/p>\n<p>The most recent example is the COVID-19, which hit the world without warning. There was no one prepared or equipped to deal with the epidemic. Therefore, it had a significant influence on stock market crashes, unemployment rates, business failures, and so on.<\/p>\n<p>To be fair, COVID-19 fulfilles all of the criteria for a black swan occurrence.<\/p>","definition":"is commonly characterized as an unanticipated incident that has a major impact on a previously, as thought, foreseen event.","status":"published","meta_title":"What is Black Swan Event? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Black Swan Event meaning: Black Swan Event - is commonly characterized as an unanticipated incident that has a major impact on a previously, as thought, foreseen event.","meta_keywords":null,"author":{"id":1,"user_id":1,"created_at":"2023-05-03T14:30:55.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-11T07:18:20.000000Z","title":"Editor-In-Chief","slug":"aaron-s-editor-in-chief","description":"<p>Having completed a Master&rsquo;s degree on Economics, Politics &amp; Culture for the East Asia region, Aaron has written scientific papers with a comparative analysis of the differences between US&rsquo; Western and Japan&rsquo;s Collective forms of capitalism, 1945-2020.<\/p>\n<p>With close to a decade of experience in the FinTech industry, Aaron understands all of the biggest issues and struggles that crypto enthusiasts face. He&rsquo;s a passionate analyst who is concerned with data-driven and fact-based content, as well as that which speaks to both Web3 natives and industry newcomers.<\/p>\n<p>Aaron is the go-to person for everything and anything related to digital currencies. With a huge passion for blockchain &amp; Web3 education, Aaron strives to transform the space as we know it, and make it more approachable to complete beginners.<\/p>\n<p>Aaron has been quoted by multiple established outlets, and is a published author himself. Even during his free time, he enjoys researching the market trends, and looking for the next supernova.<\/p>","user":{"id":1,"first_name":"Aaron","last_name":"S.","email":"aaron@bitdegree.org","email_sanitized":"aaron@bitdegree.org","email_verified_at":"2023-12-01T09:40:20.000000Z","must_verify_email":false,"is_registered_with_wallet":false,"status":"active","country":"LT","last_connected_ip":"88.119.132.125","image_id":2641,"referral_token":"05TMu2NysXOCn525","referred_by":null,"created_at":"2023-05-03T14:30:55.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-01-09T15:22:21.000000Z","full_name":"Aaron S."}}}" :chapter-list="[{"id":1,"title":"Blockchain","slug":"blockchain","updated":null,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-blockchain.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/blockchain-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"chapter_id":1,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-blockchain","title":"What is the Blockchain?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":2,"slug":"decentralized-blockchain","title":"Anonymous & Decentralized Blockchains: The Cornerstone of Crypto","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":3,"slug":"blockchain-transaction","title":"What is a Blockchain Transaction in Crypto?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":4,"slug":"crypto-fees","title":"The Different Types of Crypto Fees Explained","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":5,"slug":"what-is-bridging-in-crypto","title":"The Key Notion Behind the Concept of Bridging in Crypto","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":1,"order":6,"slug":"types-of-blockchains","title":"Different Types of Blockchains: What to Look Out For?","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":2,"title":"Cryptocurrencies","slug":"cryptocurrencies","updated":null,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-cryptocurrencies.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/cryptocurrencies-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"chapter_id":2,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-a-cryptocurrency","title":"What is a Cryptocurrency?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":2,"slug":"how-does-cryptocurrency-work","title":"How Does Cryptocurrency Work?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":3,"slug":"is-cryptocurrency-a-good-investment","title":"Is Cryptocurrency a Good Investment? The Pros & Cons","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":4,"slug":"coin-vs-token","title":"Coin VS Token: How Do They Differ?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":5,"slug":"what-are-stablecoins","title":"What are Stablecoins, Altcoins & Wrapped Coins?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":6,"slug":"what-is-a-bitcoin","title":"Bitcoin: the Pioneer of the Crypto World","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":7,"slug":"what-is-ethereum","title":"The Ultimate Blockchain for dApp Creation: Ethereum","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":8,"slug":"what-is-cardano-in-crypto","title":"What is Cardano and What is It Used For?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":9,"slug":"what-is-shiba-inu-coin","title":"Shiba Inu: the Dogecoin Killer","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":10,"slug":"what-is-solana-in-crypto","title":"Is Solana an Improved Version of Ethereum?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":11,"slug":"what-is-polkadot-in-crypto","title":"The Bridge Between Blockchains: Polkadot","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":12,"slug":"what-is-polygon-in-crypto","title":"Polygon: the Essential Scaling Solution for Ethereum","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":13,"slug":"what-is-luna-crypto","title":"The Bumpy Road of Terra (LUNA)","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":14,"slug":"what-is-fantom-crypto","title":"Is Fantom (FTM) Yet Another Ethereum Killer?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":15,"slug":"what-is-aave-crypto","title":"Aave: Crypto Lending Trailblazer","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":16,"slug":"what-is-algorand-crypto","title":"Did Algorand Truly Solve the Blockchain Trilemma?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":17,"slug":"what-is-olympus-dao","title":"Does Olympus DAO Have Anything to Do With Mythology?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":18,"slug":"what-is-avax","title":"Is Avalanche Network (AVAX) Rightfully Called the Future of DeFi?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":19,"slug":"what-is-monero-coin","title":"Monero: Where Cryptocurrency Meets Cryptography","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":20,"slug":"what-is-ripple-xrp","title":"Is Ripple \"it\" When it Comes to Cross-Border Transactions?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":2,"order":21,"slug":"practical-use-of-cryptocurrencies","title":"The Practical Use of Crypto","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":3,"title":"Crypto Exchanges","slug":"crypto-exchanges","updated":null,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-crypto-exchanges.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/crypto-exchanges-101.jpg","rating":80,"sections":[{"chapter_id":3,"order":1,"slug":"how-do-cryptocurrency-exchanges-work","title":"How do Cryptocurrency Exchanges Work?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":2,"slug":"dex-vs-cex","title":"DEX VS CEX: Two Sides of the Crypto Exchange Industry","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":3,"slug":"crypto-day-trading","title":"Crypto Day Trading: The Difference Between Buying, Trading, and Swapping","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":4,"slug":"kyc-crypto","title":"KYC & AML: The Key to Complying With Legal Industry Standards","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":5,"slug":"how-to-buy-crypto","title":"From Fiat to Crypto: How to Buy Crypto for the First Time","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":6,"slug":"fiat-to-crypto","title":"Taking Profits: Turning Crypto Into Fiat","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":3,"order":7,"slug":"how-to-use-crypto","title":"You\u2019ve Got Crypto: What Can You Do With It?","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":4,"title":"Crypto Wallets","slug":"crypto-wallets","updated":false,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-crypto-wallets.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/crypto-wallets-101.jpg","rating":80,"sections":[{"chapter_id":4,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-a-crypto-wallet","title":"What is a Crypto Wallet?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":4,"order":2,"slug":"hot-wallet-vs-cold-wallet","title":"Hot Wallet VS Cold Wallet: Which One to Pick?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":4,"order":3,"slug":"non-custodial-wallet","title":"What are Non-Custodial Crypto Wallets?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":4,"order":4,"slug":"what-is-metamask","title":"Metamask: The Leading Non-Custodial Wallet","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":4,"order":37,"slug":"how-safe-is-cryptocurrency","title":"The Key Crypto Wallet Safety Practices: How Safe Can Crypto Be?","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":5,"title":"NFTs","slug":"nfts","updated":null,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-nfts.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/nfts-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"chapter_id":5,"order":2,"slug":"how-to-trade-nfts","title":"NFT Trading: The Ins and Outs","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":3,"slug":"buying-nft","title":"Tips and Tricks of Choosing the Right NFTs","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":4,"slug":"how-to-store-nft","title":"How to Store NFTs: Best Practices","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":5,"slug":"how-to-create-an-nft","title":"How to Create Your Own NFTs?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":5,"order":6,"slug":"how-to-make-passive-money-with-nft","title":"Making Passive Money with NFTs","status":"published","modified_content":null}]},{"id":6,"title":"dApps & Defi","slug":"dapps-and-defi","updated":true,"chapter":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters\/learn-dapps.jpg","chapter_simple":"crypto\/assets\/crypto-book\/chapters-simple\/dapps-defi-101.jpg","rating":80,"sections":[{"chapter_id":6,"order":1,"slug":"what-are-nfts","title":"What are Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":1,"slug":"what-is-defi","title":"What is Decentralized Finance (DeFi)?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":2,"slug":"what-is-defi-2-0","title":"DeFi 2.0: The New Version of Decentralized Finance","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":3,"slug":"what-are-dapps-in-crypto","title":"What Are dApps and How Do They Work?","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":4,"slug":"defi-dapps","title":"Picking the Right dApps: Dos and Don'ts","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":5,"slug":"what-is-web-3-0","title":"Web 3.0: The Future of the Internet","status":"published","modified_content":null},{"chapter_id":6,"order":6,"slug":"what-are-smart-contracts","title":"What is the Core Purpose of Smart 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